The
behavioral approach
Summing
up, we may conclude that neo- classical relocation theory not only focuses on
location factors that are well covered in location theory and could be denoted
as location pull factors but also covers the factors triggering a relocation
the push factors. The spatial margins to profitability discriminate between
profitable and unprofitable locations and are therefore useful in determining
where a firm should be locate pull. However as it is turns out in pull and
packing they are usually span quite and a large area within which firms may
operate profitably.
Changes
in these boundaries are therefore not sufficient in explaining why firms want
to move the push factors. In addition we have to look for internal processes
within the firm of which firm growth as a result of economies of scale is the
most a common one.
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The simple neo- classical theory is transportation useful as
a benchmark that defines the optimal behavior of the firm in economic terms
under the assumptions of rationality and perfect information.
However
it does not take in to account the internal dynamics of firms in a context with
imperfect information and uncertainty where profit maximizing behavior is not
the ultimate goal. This motivated Simon 1955, 1957 and Cyber and March 1963 to
develop a behavioral theory of the firm which is based on more realistic
notions of limited information and bounded rationality.
Here
optimizing behavior is replaced by satisfier behavior. The behavioral approach was also successfully introduced in
location theory primarily by prod 1967, 1969. The behavioral approach became
popular in all branches of human geography Cox and Go ledge 1981; Harvey, 1969.
Apart from the general points of criticism towards neo- classical theory the
application of these behavioral ideas in location theory was also motivated by
the optimal location of industries Benoit, in 1995 or equivalently are spatial
margins to profitability approach packers Halter, 1998.
If
regional economic conditions show limited variation this leaves many profitable
sites to choose from. Than firm specific
economic factors or non- economic factors may become of more importance for the
explanation of firm relocation. The behavioral approach takes these factors explicitly
in to account. The behavioral approach is especially geared towards firm
relocation. We noted above that the key difference between location and
relocation theory is that location theory is more concerned with location pull
factors, whereas relocation also deals with push- factors the trigger to
moving. This fits directly in to a simplified description of the decision
process of the firm.
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